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Term Definition Acetylcholine A chemical found in vertebrate neurons that carries information across the synaptic cleft, the space between two nerve cells. A neurotransmitter. Adipose Tissue Connective tissue that has been specialized to store fat. Adrenal Gland Alpha-Ketoglutarate In combination with L-ornithine, Alpha-ketoglutarate forms OKG, an amino acid compound which improves performance in hypercatabolic states associated with such activities as vigorous sports and weightlifting. Amino Acids Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things. The sequence of amino acids in a protein and hence protein function are determined by the genetic code. Amylases Enzymes that break down carbohydrates {starch} into glucose Anabolic Any process involving the building of complex compounds from smaller simpler ones (for example proteins are built from amino acids). This process requires energy. Anabolic Steroid A type of steroid hormone that stimulates the synthesis of protein. Anabolic steroids are compounds which stimulate the body into anabolism. Androgen General term for any male sex hormone in vertebrates. An androgenic hormone is a male (masculinizing) hormone. Androgen is associated with size and strength gains. Androstene See androstendione. Androstenedione Basal Metabolic Rate The metabolic rate as measured under basal conditions: 12 hours after eating, after a restful sleep, no exercise or activity preceding test, elimination of emotional excitement and occurring in a comfortable temperature. BAT Brown Adipose Tissue Brown fat is specialized for heat production and the adipocytes have many mitochondria in which an inner membrane protein can act as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation allowing rapid thermogenesis. BCAAs Branch Chain Amino Acids. BCAA s have been shown to increase nitrogen retention, protein synthesis and muscle growth. Beta-Hydroxy Beta hydroxy acids include salicylic and citric acids. Research has shown that beta hydroxy acids, especially salicylic acid, are effective in exfoliating the lower dermal skin layers which result in increased cell turnover and the production of new skin cells. Its main applications include reversing pre-mature aging and treating adult acne. Cetaine A derivative of glycine characterized by high water solubility. Can function as an osmotic agent in plant tissues. Biotin a vitamin of the B complex found especially in yeast, liver, and egg yolk and active in growth promotion Caffeine Stimulant which helps increase the ability of the body to burn fat by helping liberate fatty acids from bodyfat stores. Carbohydrate Very abundant compounds, usually an aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water with the general formula Cn(H2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, cellulose and gums. Chlorifate Controlling catalyst used in molecular bonding compounds to withstand the attack of the digestive process Choline A lipotropic which metabolizes fats. Also it is being used today for ailments such as: gall bladder, trouble, diabetes, Muscular Dystrophy, glaucoma, arteriosclerosis, senility and memory problems (forgetfulness). A deficiency in choline can lead to cirrhosis and fatty degeneration of liver and hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis). Chromium Because insulin requires chromium to function properly, this trace element has significant biological effects in the body. Trivalent chromium works with insulin to move glucose into cells. Chromium as a supplement is usually ingested as chromium picolinate. Complex Carbohydrates The combination of carbohydrates and fiber. Compound K Essential in muscle composition and is only absorbed during the first 3 hours of sleep Creatine Dehydrogenase Dehydrogenase Enzyme in the liver will not add any carbon at the 19th position Dhea A natural hormone produced by your adrenal gland on which several hormones depend for their own production. Two of specific interest are testosterone and IGF-1 (hormones responsible for increased size and hard, lean muscle). Additionally, DHEA can assist protein synthesis, recovery time, muscle strength, and fat loss Dopamine A catecholamine neurotransmitter and hormone (153 D), formed by decarboxylation of dehydroxyphenylalanine (dopa). A precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. EFAs Essential Fatty Acids are the "good fats" needed by your body for good overall health and bodily functions including weight loss. Some of these include EPA, DHA, GLA, CLA, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Electrolytes A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity, an ionic solute. Endo Pro Formula increases circulation to vital areas of your body increasing nutritional uptake Energizer A supplement designed to increase the body's energy. Enzyme A protein molecule produced by living organisms that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reactions. Ephedra A beta receptor stimulant, and 40% of its stimulation is on the beta-3 sites. Beta-3 receptors are vital in promoting weight loss. Exercise Intensity Gingko Also spelled Ginkgo, this herb is harvested from the leaf of the Gingko Biloba tree, one of the world’s oldest surviving tree species. Gingko helps to provide greater mental alertness and concentration by increasing neurotransmitter activity. Glutamine One of the 20 amino acids commonly found (and directly coded for) in proteins. It is the amide at the carboxyl of the amino acid glutamate. Glutamine can participate in covalent cross linking reactions between proteins, by forming peptide like bonds by a transamidation reaction with lysine residues. This reaction, catalyzed by clotting factor XIII stabilizes the aggregates of fibrin formed during blood clotting. Glycine The simplest amino acid. It is a common residue in proteins, especially collagen and elastin and is not optically active. Growth Hormone HCA Hydroxy Citric Acid is a natural acid which is believed to inhibit the production of fatty acids form carbohydrates and which may help to suppress the appetite. HGH Human growth hormone. A protein produced in the pituitary gland that stimulates the liver to produce somatomedins, which stimulate growth of bone and muscle. HMB Hormone A naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be hydrophilic, like insulin, in which case the receptors are on the cell surface or lipophilic, like the steroids, where the receptor can be intracellular. Hydrolyzed WPI Hydrolyzed Whey Protein Isolate IGF-1 Insulin Growth Factor = 1 Inositol A lipotropic. Its deficiency can lead to hair loss. Caffeine can cause depletion of inositol. Lactase An enzyme which breaks down milk sugar or lactose. L-alanine L-Carnitine Carnitine is an amino acid found in many foods, especially meat, and produced naturally in the body. Studies suggest that athletes need more L-Carnitine than they can produce because of its key role in energy metabolism. These amino acids transport fatty acids across cell walls into the mitochondria to provide muscles with the fuel they need to make energy.B33 L-Glutamine See Glutamine. Linoleic Acid An essential fatty acid (9, 12, octadecadienoic acid), occurs as a glyceride component in many fats and oils. Lipase An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides) to glycerol and fatty acids. Calcium ions are usually required. Lipotropics Lipotropic means fat-loving. Basically they are substances which can liquefy or homogenize fats. Also known as "fat-burners." L-Tyrosine A branch chain amino acid Metabolism The sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organized substance is produced and maintained (anabolism) and also the transformation by which energy is made available for the uses of the organism (catabolism). Metabolite Any substance produced by metabolism or by a metabolic process. Methionine A lipotropic. It acts as a catalyst for choline and inositol, opening up their function.Along with choline it aids in reducing liver fat and protects the kidneys. Muscle Pump Nandrolone Neuron A nerve cell; it receives and conducts electrical impulses from the brain. It consists of a cell body called the cyton, an axon, axon terminals, and dendrites. Neurotransmitter A chemical, such as acetylcholine, which is released from the axon of one neuron and binds to a specific site in the dendrite of an adjacent neuron, thus triggering a nerve impulse. Noradrenaline See Norepinephrine. Norandrostenedione Norepinephrine Also known as noradrenaline. Catecholamine neurohormone, the neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system (of so called adrenergic neurons): binds more strongly to adrenergic receptors. Stored and released from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. OKG Phenylalanine Phosphates Have been shown to increase resting metabolic rate. Also studies suggest that phosphates may increase the ability of the blood to move oxygen to working muscles. May also help neutralize the production of lactic acid which produces the burning sensation felt in the muscles during an intense workout. Pro Cosanoid Formula starts your day energized. Nerve synapse electrical resistance is reduced allowing more efficient firing of the nerve cells. See, hear and think more clearly. Prostaglandins One of a number of hormone-like substances that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation. Proteases Protease refers to a group of enzymes whose function is to hydrolyze (breakdown) proteins. Protein Any of numerous complex nitrogen-containing substances that consist of chains of amino acids, are present in all living cells, and are an essential part of the human diet Rep Riboflavin A growth-promoting vitamin of the Vitamin B Complex occurring in milk and liver Set Smith Machine Soy-Protein Isolate Studies have shown that soy-protein isolate may help minimize thyroid suppression. Since the thyroid hormone helps regulate how many calories you burn, this supplement may be quite beneficial during a fat-loss program. St. John's Wort Increases the levels of specific neurotransmitters in the brain. Observed to relieve depression. Stack A combination of supplements designed to increase or synergize the effects of the individual compounds. Stanatropen Promotes muscle elasticity and suppleness. Stearic Acid Any number of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. A metabolic byproduct from the breakdown of fats. Steroid Hormone A group of structurally related hormones, based on the cholesterol molecule. They control sex and growth characteristics, are highly lipophilic and are unique in that their receptors are in the nucleus, rather than on the plasma membrane. Superset Supplement A compound that supplies a want or makes an addition: something that completes, adds a finishing touch or brings closer to completion or a desired state. Taurine Testosterone Male sex hormone (androgen) secreted by the interstitial cells of the testis of mammals and responsible for triggering the development of sperm and of many secondary sexual characteristics. These are the hormones responsible for increased size and hard, lean muscle. Thermogenesis Relating to heat, or to the production of heat; producing heat; thermogenous; as, the thermogenic tissues. Usually in reference to the burning of calories. Thiamine A vitamin of the Vitamin B Complex essential to normal metabolism and nerve function Training Partner Trivalent Chromium See Chromium. Vascularity Blood supply, usually in reference to muscle tissue. Vitamin A Any of several vitamins (as from egg yolk or fish-liver oils) required especially for good vision Vitamin B See Vitamin B Complex; also known as Vitamin B1 or Thiamine Vitamin B Complex A group of vitamins that are found widely in foods and are essential for normal function of certain enzymes and for growth Vitamin B12 A complex cobalt containing a compound that occurs especially in liver and is essential to normal blood formation, neural function, and growth. Vitamin B6 Any of several compounds that are considered essential to vertebrate nutrition. Vitamin C A vitamin found especially in fruits and vegetables that is needed by the body to prevent scurvy; also believed to boost auto-immune system Vitamin D Any or all of several vitamins that are needed for normal bone and tooth structure and are found especially in fish-liver oils, egg yolk, and milk or are produced by the body in response to ultraviolet light. Vitamin E Any of various oily fat-soluble liquid vitamins whose absence in the body is associated with such ailments as infertility, the breakdown of muscles, and vascular problems which are found especially in leaves and seed germ oils. Vitamin K Any of several vitamins needed for blood to clot properly Vitamins Any of various organic substances that are essential in trace amounts to the nutrition of most animals and some plants and are mostly obtained from foods. Whey The fluid portion of milk that separates from curd. The liquid that remains after milk has coagulated. Whey Protein Wrist Straps Yohimbe
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